Building construction.



PATENTED PBB.12, 1907.

E. J. WINSLOW. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED 0OT.19, 1905.

, an j d,

w21/fesses 'EDWARD JAEvIs lwINsLow, oFcIIIcAeo, ILLINOIS.

' .BulLDlNe coNsTiuo-rlon.

Nere-14,294'.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 12, 1907.

Application filed October 19,1905. Serial No. 283,431.

To all whom it may concern/:

Be it known that I, EDWARD JARvIs WINS- LOW, a citizen of the United States, residing in Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Building Construction, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates, broadly, to improvements in the construction of impervious iioors whereby they are fixed against upheaval, and more particularly it also concerns an inexpensive and effective means for so anchoring the same that they may be securely lsupported against settling or rising under hydrostatic heads.

Heretofore great diliiculty has been experienced in constructing impervious floors, especially in subterranean Work, uponloose and watery soil, such as usually obtains in reclaimed land. Soil of this nature does not aord a suitable foundation for the usual forms .of construction, inasmuch as it readily yields under any considerable pressure, and, furthermore, such soil at periodic times usually becomes supersaturated with water, which with respect to excavations therein produces a very considerable upward pressure upon the iioors and walls in such excavations.

This invention has for one of its objects to produce a means particularly adapted for service in overcoming the difliculties of the aforesaid conditions.

Among the primary objects of this invention may be included the provision of a cellar earth bottom with an overlying impervious cementitious floor embodying means for anchoring it against upheaval under water-pressure.

A further object of this invention is to produce a floor-anchor of an enduring nature which will not be subj ect to disintegration or decay under the trying conditions usually pad in moistlloose ground, such as silt or the ike.

Another object of thisinvention is to obtain an anchor of such form and construction as to be especially adapted for insertion into the soil without the use of cumbersome and expensive implements or machines especially adapted for the purpose.

Still another object of this invention is to devise an anchor of such form that when affixed against an displacement therein.

This invention as for a further object to devise an anchor of such construction as to be extensible in length, whereby-the same ma be readily adapted for any particular conditions arising.

An additional object of this invention is to attain a mod e of inserting a pile or anchor into the subsoil which will possess in the highest degree the elements of simplicity'and cheapness.

Further obiects and advantages of this i11- vention will be in part obvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.

' With these and other ends in view my invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combination of parts, and arrangement of elements hereinafter set forth once inserted into the soil it will be securely as an exemplification of a preferred embodi- I ment of the invention.

That the same maybe more fully understood and made comprehensible to others skilled in its relating arts I have appended as a part of this specification .drawings of the same, and while the underlying principle of the invention way be otherwise ap lied in various modifications falling under tllb scope of the claims the herein-stated form is that which I prefer to employ in ordinary practice and regard as an improvement over many of the other forms whichwill be implied from the foregoing description, and now upon referring to such drawings by means of reference characters it will be observed that like characters denote corresponding parts throughout all of the views, of Which- Figure 1 is a view in sectional perspective showing the application of my invention to an impervious reinforced floor. Fig. 2 is a medial section, taken through the concrete anchor, showing the central pipe removed. Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, showing the anchor assembled with an internal supportingipe firmly and permanently embedded in t e same. Fig. 4 is a view in perspective of one form of reinforcing means that may be resorted to within this invention. Fig. 5 is an end view of the skeleton framework shown by Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a top plan view of the anchor as embodied in Fig. 2.

Broadly, the anchor comprises an end section 1 and a suitable number of super- IOO osed sections 2. The material emplbyed or such anchor is preferably plastic and of a durable nature in order that the same may be readily molded into any preferred form and rportions during manufacture and that 1t, furthermore, may be imperishable in use. The end section 1 is preferably so shaped as to be well ac ia ted for a ready insertion into the subsoilpto be and therein clenched and sccurelyretained a ainst either withdrawal or further entry. o this end such section is provided with one or more arrow or barb shaped enlar ements 11, which are arranged to form a series of conical rustums with the portions of lesser diameter being nearer the end` of the section. It

will be observed that this shape is quite welll adapted for being forced into the subsoil, particularly through the employment of the ydraulic agency, hereinafter more particularly stated, and that when in place such barb-like head will so interfit with the adjacent soil and be embedded thereby as to veffectively revent its withdrawal. An ladvance is a so well resisted by the inclined faces after the soil has hardened and other- Wise set around such section. The superposed sections 2 referably constitute units and are adapted or being brought together be desired,

endwise and, as will usuali sections will iirml secured together. Suc

-usua ly be made of a plastic material similar to that comprisin the head, and for this material many suita le cements are available. The sections may be made in diverse len ths, though for purposes of convenience in oth assemblin and inserting into the soil they will usual y be made of an even size in order that the circumferential exterior will be smooth and flush throughout the length of the assembled anchor. When assembled from such sections, the anchor provides one or more longitudinally-extendmg channels or perforations for the passage of water therethrough during the sinking of the anchor. Such water will be forced in a steady stream through the length of the anchor and will be emitted at theend of the same, and, if so preferred, also through openings leading to the circumferential exterior of the lower portion, as I have illustrated by F ig. 3. The function of this stream of water 1s to soften and so emulsi the subsoil 'abutting the pileor anchor during its sinking that the resistance to such movement will be greatly lessened. When the anchor has been inserted to a suflicient extent, such flow will be stopped, the surplus water will be absorbed into the adjacent soil, and the latter will then set about the anchor and firmly retain the same against any subse uent dis lacement. While this mode of sinilring ancliors lso reduces the resistance of the operation that but comparatively little pressure or impact upon ally neverthe ess of advantage to reinforce yand otherwise strengthen the anchor, which is usually constructedof a -cementitiousmaterial adapted to withstand .Without deterioration the moisture and dampness of the soil in which it is embedded.

Since the aforesaid anchor is ordinarily constructed of plastic material which by nature is com aratively brittle and of low tensile strengt ,although possessed of a very high compression strength, I refer to incorporate into the anchor a suita le stren thening means. In the referred embo iment of this invention, as sh I resort to a pluralit of rods or, preferab y, pipes 3, which are em edded in the wall of the anchor intermediate the perforation 4 and the,f cirpmferential surlfiace, suclii rods -or pre era y i es genera exten in lon tudinally wlith the anchdi'. Atthegir enills they are preferably connected by means of some suitable device, such as the end plates 5, which are rovided with apertures correspending to the anchor-channels 4 in order t at the flow of Water through such channels may n ot be impeded and to allow the central connected pipe or reinforcement to be used. These brace rods or pipes will ordinarily extend the fulllength of each section. In constructing the anchor it will be found convenient to iirst form a skeleton framework (illustrated in Fig. 4 and. then insert the same within a suitable mold, into which is rammed the plastic material, so as to set around and thoroughly embed said skeleton. If pre-l ferred, the end lates of the latter may also be embedded; ut ordinarily they will also constitute the end of each section, as shown by Fig. 2`. In assembling the sections it will in most cases be advisable to securely own by the drawin sa;

aflix them together, and this may be done in 1 any satisfactory manner, such as by resortiig to various interlocking en agements a orded by bolts, screws, or'the'rl' e ;v but of these I re ard the hereinafter more specifically-statedg and readily-applied form.

Circumstances attending each particular vuse will naturally decide the best manner of carrying out my invention. In some instances the anchor-sections need not be secured together and in others it will be advisable to do so. -In employing the form more specifically shown by Fig. 2 a relativelyclose fitting pipe would be inserted into channel 4, so as to terminate at the lower end of the barb section or shoe, and through this pipe water'will be forced so as to loosen up the round in advance of the shoe during the sinlgiing of the anchor. As the sinking continues such pipe will be elongated, fresh sections of the anchor will be added, and pressure will be then brought to-bear upon expedient as the most improved IIO . together with a series of tensioned members solid an anchor having the form shown by form a composite structure thoroughly supaccompanymg drawings shall be interpreted the uppermost section. When sufficient rel sistance to sinkinnis offered by the pile, the central pipe may Iie either Withdrawn or, as will be usuall best, left in place, as the preference may e. If. it, be.l desired to additionally brace and secure together the sections of anchor, such pipe may constitute a permanent feature of the anchor, and in this' case a cou ling-sleeve 6 would join together sections o eachpipe, and as such couplingsleeve may be embedded in a section and be also retained by an end plate the pipe 7 -Will be securely retained against displacement and at the same time serve to bond all the sections of the anchor together.

Having appropriately positioned the desired anchors, a uniting member 8 'will be suitably aiflxed to the .uppermost section. Through appropriate perforationsv in such member 8 a series o reinforcing-rods is passed. Such rods may preferably comprise a U or otherwise shaped channel-bar 9,

10. Any desirable variations in this respect may be resorted to. In certain cases where portions of the underlying soil are sufiiciently 81 may be employed. This consists in a shank provided with wide flaring iflanges sp'irally disposed and adapted for being screwed into the subsoil to a proper depth to securely be aiiixed in position therein. The aforesaid arrangement havin been set in place, the whole will be embed ed within the floor material 1 1 which Will ordinarily be of a cementitious nature, in such `a way as to ported and restrained by the anchored reinforcin s, and such iioor constructions may be additionally iinished by a thin coating 12 of hard-Wearing or other suitable material. It will accordingly be seen that I have thus provided a construction well adapted to attain the ends sought for by this invention and that its embodiment may be accomplished in a practical manner Without undue expense by ordinary unskilled labor. The resultant structure is neat in appearance as well as durable and eflicient in service. Since many changes could readily be iliade in the above construction and many embodiments of this invention might be made without departing either from the spirit or the scope thereof, although a cursory inspection might lead to the belief that such variations differed widely from the invention, I propose that all matter contained in the foregoing description or shown inthe merely in an illustrative, but in no wise a limiting, sense. Furthermore, I desire it to be understood that the language in the following claims is intended to cover all of the generic and speciiic features of this invention and all statements of the scope thereof 6 which as a matter of language might be said to fall therebetween.

I accordingly claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, the following:

1. In a buildin r construction, a flooranchor consisting oi a plurality of like superposed sections and an end section having a plurality of annular projections disposed 1n a arb-like manner.

2. In a building construction, a flooranchor consisting of a plurality of like superposed sections and an end section having annular barbs, said sections being' of tubular form. Y

3. In a building construction, a flooranchor comprising a lurality oflike sections having longitudinal y extending perforations, and a barb-shaped head having perforations matching therewith.

4. In a building construction, an impervious floor of lastic material, transverselyextending rodl embedded therein and adapted to reinforce the same, tie-pieces affixed to said reinforcements at spaced intervals and depending therefrom, and an underlying anchor of plastic material aflixed at its upper end to each of said pieces, said anchor being of tubular form and comprising a plurality of connecting-sections each having embedded therein longitudinally-extending tubes connected at their ends to plates having apertures corresponding to said tubes and lying flush with the ends of the sections, said end section having a plurality of annular projections disposed in a barb-like manner.

5. A building construction comprising in IOO combination, an impervious iioor, supported.

directly upon underlying soil, a layer of hardwearing material surfacing lsaid floor, reinforcing means extending transversely through said fioor, an underlying anchor having an enlarged head, said anchor bein embedded in soil,rand means securing sai anchor to said floor whereby an elevation of the latter will be resisted.

6. A building construction comprising in IIO ing means, whereby an upheaval of said floor will be prevented.

7. A building construction comprising in combination, an impervious floor of plastic material, reinforcing-rods spaced apart and transversely embedded in said floor, an u nderlying anchor having an enlarged head embedded in the soil beneath said floor, and means directly connecting said anchor to said reinforcing-rods, whereby an upheaval of said floor will be prevented.

8. A building construction comprising in to resist upward movement whereby an elecombination,l ai (iirlnrperlvious Hoor dof 1convation ofsaid oor will be resisted. Y

crete, su porte ecty u on un er ying, soil, a llaygerof hard-Wearing neteriail surfac- EDWARD JARVIS WINSLQW 5 ingsaid floor, and an anchor affixed to said Witnesses:

oor and extending from the same into ldie ALBERT F. NATHAN, underlying soil, said anchor being contoured EDXTH Ct SABLES. 

